Instrumentation Lab Gap Matrix

Description

In order to highlight the research priorities in terms of Gas Turbine Instrumentation Development, PIWG on the US side and EVI-GTI on the EU side have issued a Lab Gap Matrix. A first EVI-GTI version was released in 2004, then updated in 2009, containing measured quantities on one axis mapped against engine location / working environment on the other axis.

Measurement types were structured as follows and after a voting process among OEM’s, each area was highlighted in green, yellow or red depending on their level of maturity or even availability.

A coarse description of the color code is:
- green: a technology (technologies = a sensor type, an application, attachment of a sensor e.g. to a surface, wire routing, a measuring technology etc.) is available and sufficient.
- yellow: a suitable technology is not available but there are workarounds available for the next few applications. A better technology is desired, though.
- red: the technology is not available or insufficient and therefore a suitable technology needs to be developed. The lack of this technology is holding up the development of better engines with e.g. higher efficiency.

Aerodynamics and Performance

issued 22 February 2017

Measurand/Measurement	Externals and shafts	Intake, Compressor (Front) and Fan	Compressor (rear)	Combustion system	HP Turbine	LP Turbine	Exhaust
Pressure (MKS)	1 bar	1-10 bar	10-45 bar	<45 bar	25-45 bar	1-20 bar	1 bar
Pressure (Eng)	15psi	15-150psi	150psi-650psi	650psi	370psi-650psi	15psi-300psi	15psi
Temperature (MKS)	-40 to 300°C	-40 to 300°C	300 to 700°C+	700C-2400°C	1000C-1800°C	700C-1000°C	700°C+
Temperature (Eng)	-40 to 570F	-40 to 570F	570 to 1300F+	1300F-4300F	1800F-3300F	1300F-1800F	1300F
TRL assessments = Red 1-4, Yellow 5-6, Green 7-9
1. Airflow Measurements
Intake/core mass flow (Total/static P)
Offtake flow: orrifice plates/nozzles
Intake condensation/water content
Sand/ash/particulate
Multiphase breather flows
other
2. Gas Path Measurements
2a. Gas Path: Dynamic Pressure Measurements
Piezoelectric
Piezoresistive
Capacitance
Semi infinite line - remote
Plasma discharge
MEMS
Fiber optic (FPI, FBG)
Traversible dynamic pressure
other
2b. Gas Path: Temperature Measurements
Rakes, Including noble metals
Metallic Thermocouples
Ceramic thermocouple alloys
Fiber optic (FPI/FBG/BBR)
Absorption technologies
Laser based technologies - planar
2 D Mapping Tomography
Seeded flowpath technologies
Acoustic pyrometry
Intermittant choked nozzle
Traversing
other
2c. Gas Path: Pressure Measurements
Rakes, Including noble metals
Traversible steady pressure
other
3. Fluid flow
Liquid fuel: Bulk meter
Liquid fuel: Turbine
Liquid fuel: Coriolis
Liquid fuel density
Gas: Coriolis
Gas calorific value
other
4. Emission Species - Exhaust
Sampling and ported to analyzer
Smoke number (filter)
Smoke number Non intrusive (LII)
Cabin Air Quality
MEMS direct insertion
UV resonant absorption
Coherent Anti-Raman Spectroscopy (CARS)
laser induced fluorescence (LIF)
Tunable diode laser (TDL) technologies
other
5. Torque and Thrust
Torque meters
In engine shaft torque
other
6.Noise
Dynamic pressure - microphone
Semi infinite lines
Radiative vapor analysis
Fiberoptic technologies
other
Enabling thechnology: Wires and Interconnects
Hardwire
Transition technology
Connectors
Soft/flex wire
Fiberoptic cables
Wireless

Rotating Structures

issued 30 October 2012

Measurand/Measurement	Externals and shafts	Intake, Compressor (Front) and Fan	Compressor (rear)	Combustion system	HP Turbine	LP Turbine	Exhaust
Pressure (MKS)	1 bar	1-10 bar	10-45 bar	<45 bar	30-45 bar	1-20 bar	1 bar
Pressure (Eng)	15psi	15-150psi	150psi-650psi	650psi	370psi-650psi	15psi-300psi	15psi
Temperature (MKS)	-40 to 300°C	-40 to 300°C	700°C+	700C-2400°C	1000C-1800°C	700C-1000°C	700°C+
Temperature (Eng)	-40 to 570F	-40 to 570F	1300F	1300F-4200F	1800F-3300F	1300F-1800F	1300F
TRL assessments = Red 1-4, Yellow 5-6, Green 7-9
1. Boundary layer/heat transfer
heat flux gauges
TBC conductivity measurement
area pressure map (PSP)
other
2.Component Temperature
2a. Surface Temperature: Metals
Thermocouples
Thermographic phosphors
Thin film sensors - thermocouples and RTDs
Fiber optic technologyies (FPI, BBR, FBG, etc)
Thermal Indicating Paint
Silicon Carbide - material phase shift
RTDs
Pyrometry / thermal emission (LW, IR, SW, ratio)
other
2b. Surface Temperature on TBC
Thermocouples
Thermographic phosphors
Thin film sensors
Fiber optic technology (BB, FBG, etc)
Thermal Indicating Paint (TIP)
RTDs
Pyrometry/ thermal emission (LW, IR, SW, ratio)
other
3 Fatigue and Vibration					see details	see details
3a. Stress and Strain
Wire free filament strain gages (AC)					Details	Details
Wire free filament strain gages (DC)
Foil Gauges
Optical technologies (FBG,FPI)
Thin film strain gages
Wireless eg SAW
other
3b. Tip Timing NSMS/BTT/LP
Optical
Capacitance
Microwave
Radar / Full field modal methods
Inductive /eddy current
other
Enabling Technology: Signal transfer
Inductively powered telemetry
Battery powered telemetry
Slip rings
Optical telemetry
Enabling Technologies: Wiring and interconnects
Hardwire
Transition technology
Connectors
Soft/flex wire
Fiberoptic cables and links

Stationary Structures

issued 30 October 2012

Measurand/Measurement	Externals and shafts	Intake, Compressor (Front) and Fan	Compressor (rear)	Combustion system	HP Turbine	LP Turbine	Exhaust
Pressure (MKS)	1 bar	1-10 bar	10-45 bar	<45 bar	30-45 bar	1-20 bar	1 bar
Pressure (Eng)	15psi	15-150psi	150psi-650psi	650psi	370psi-650psi	15psi-300psi	15psi
Temperature (MKS)	-40 to 300°C	-40 to 300°C	700°C+	700C-2400°C	1000C-1800°C	700C-1000°C	700°C+
Temperature (Eng)	-40 to 570F	-40 to 570F	1300F	1300F-4200F	1800F-3300F	1300F-1800F	1300F
TRL assessments = Red 1-4, Yellow 5-6, Green 7-9
1. Load and Displacement
1a. Displacements: Tip Clearance Measurements
Capacitance
Microwave
Optical
Dynamic pressure gap sensor
Inductive/eddy current
other
1b. Displacements: Other
Disc Axial movement
Blade twist
other
2. Boundary layer/heat transfer
heat flux gauges
TBC conductivity measurement
area pressure map (PSP)
other
3. Component Temperature
3a. Surface Temperature on Metals
Thermocouples
Thermographic phosphors
fiber optic technology (BB, FBG, etc)
TIP (Thermal Paint)
TSP
Silicon Carbide / material phase shift
RTDs
Pyrometry/ thermal emission (LW, IR, SW, ratio)
other
3b. Surface Temperature on TBC/ Ceramics
thermocouples
Thermographic phosphors
Thin film sensors
Fiber optic technology (BB, TIP, FBG, etc)
Thermal Indicating Paint (TIP)
TSP
RTDS
Pyrometry/ thermal emission (LW, IR, SW, ratio)
other
4. Fatigue and Vibration					see details	see details
4a. Vibration and Acceleration
HT single axis piezo-electric
HT 3D piezo-electric
PE with ICP
Laser vibrometer on engine
other
4b. Stress and Strain
Wire free filament strain gages (AC)					Details	Details
Wire free filament strain gages (DC)
Fiberoptic technologies - (FBG,FPI etc)
Direct optical technology
Thin filmg gauges
Stress sensitive paints
other
5. Oil system
Liquid pressures
Oil/air mist pressures
oil film thickness
Oil health
other
6. Component Material Wear, Degradation, distress
Ion species particulate sensor
Thermographic phosphors
Oil debris detection
acoustic emission
other
Enabling Technology: Wiring and interconnects
Hardwire (MIC)
Transition technology
Connectors
Soft/flex wire
Fiberoptic cables

Sensor Specification sheets

• Strain Gauges

External links

• Propulsion Instrumentation Working Group (PIWG)

• EVI-GTI and
• EVI-GTI Wiki at https://wiki.evi-gti.eu